宏记复刻期刊论文（四）：《双边道德风险下软件供应链信息安全责任协调契约设计》集中决策下软件供应链信息安全损失分担策略精读.mp34:14来自LearningYard学苑
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今天小编为大家带来《双边道德风险下软件供应链信息安全责任协调契约设计》 集中决策下软件供应链信息安全损失分担策略精读。
欢迎您的用心访问！
本期推文阅读时长大约5分钟，请您耐心阅读。
Share interest, spread happiness,
increase knowledge, and leave beautiful.
Dear you,
this is the LearingYard Academy!
Today I bring you “Design of Software Supply Chain Information Security Liability Coordination Contract under Bilateral Moral Hazard” A close reading of software supply chain information security loss sharing strategy under centralized decision making .
Welcome your visit!
The reading time of this tweet is about 5 minutes, please read it with patience.
内容摘要
本期推文将本期推文将通过思维导图，精读内容，知识补充三个板块，复刻来自于中国管理科学期刊的期刊论文《双边道德风险下软件供应链信息安全责任协调契约设计》，在此次推文中，小编将介绍集中决策下软件供应链信息安全损失分担策略。
This tweet will This tweet will replicate the journal paper “Design of Software Supply Chain Information Security Responsibility Coordination Contract under Bilateral Moral Risks” from the Chinese Journal of Management Science through three sections of mind map, intensive reading content, and knowledge supplement. In this tweet, I will introduce the software supply chain information security loss sharing strategy under centralized decision making.
思维导图
集中决策下软件供应链信息安全损失分担策略思维导图如下：
The software supply chain information security loss sharing strategy mind map under centralized decision making is as follows.
精读内容
在此部分，作者假定软件供应商和软件用户之间的信息充分且完全共享，完全合作的情况下，分别求出软件供应商和软件用户的最优决策，以及软件供应链的整体利润，目的是为将来研究问题提供对照组。
In this section, the authors assume full and complete information sharing and full cooperation between software suppliers and software users to find out the optimal decisions of software suppliers and software users, respectively, and the overall profit of the software supply chain, with the aim of providing a control group for future research questions.
建模后对供应链整体期望收益值函数进行求导，将软件安全质量水平和软件用户的信息安全管理水平作为变量，令其导数为0，最后求出最优解。小编通过Mathematics软件复刻了一下文章的计算过程如下图。（因为Mathematic对特殊符号不能识别，因此对一些符号进行了代替处理）。
After modeling, the derivative of the overall expected return value function of the supply chain is derived, and the level of software security quality and the level of information security management of software users are taken as variables, so that the derivative is zero, and finally the optimal solution is found. I reproduced the calculation process of the article through Mathematics software as the following figure. (Because Mathematic cannot recognize special symbols, some symbols are processed instead).
知识补充
小编由集中决策想到了一个问题：个体决策，集体决策各自的优缺点？
个体决策的优缺点：
优点：
1、个体决策具有合理性，是因为它具有简便、迅速、责任明确的特点。
缺点：
2、个体决策的局限性主要体现在两个方面:一方面表现在个体决策所需的社会条件难以充分具备。其具体表现是社会难以找到杰出的个人决策者，那些具备条件的个人又不一定能成为掌握权力的个人决策者;另一方面表现在决策者受到个人的经验、知识和能力的限制。
集体决策优缺点：
优点：
1、有利于集中不同领域专家的智慧，应付日益复杂的决策问题。
2、能够利用更多的知识优势，借助于更多的信息，形成更多的可行性方案。
3、有利于充分利用其成员不同的教育程度、经验和背景。
4、提供了决策的可接受性，有助于决策的顺利实施。
缺点：
1、速度、效率可能低下。群体决策鼓励各个领域的专家、员工的积极参与，力争以民主的方式拟定出最满意的行动方案。在这个过程中，如果处理不当，就可能陷入盲目讨论的误区之中，既浪费了时间，又降低了速度和决策效率，从而限制了管理人员在必要时做出快速反应的能力。
2、在集体决策过程中，决策者存在从众压力。群体成员希望被群体接受和重视的愿望可能会导致不同意见被压制，在决策时使群体成员都追求观点的统一。
3、会出现少数人控制的现象。集体讨论可能会被一两个人控制，如果这种控制是由低水平的成员所致，集体决策的结果就会收到不利影响。
I thought of a question by the centralized decision-making: the advantages and disadvantages of individual decision-making, collective decision-making each?
Advantages and disadvantages of individual decision-making.
Advantages.
1, individual decision-making is rational because it has the characteristics of simplicity, speed and clear responsibility.
Disadvantages.
2, the limitations of individual decision-making is mainly reflected in two aspects: on the one hand, it is difficult to have the necessary social conditions for individual decision-making. The specific performance of the society is difficult to find outstanding individual decision makers, those who have the conditions of the individual may not be able to become a personal decision maker in power; on the other hand, the decision makers are limited by personal experience, knowledge and ability.
Advantages and disadvantages of collective decision-making.
Advantages.
1, conducive to the concentration of experts in different fields of wisdom, to cope with the increasingly complex decision-making issues.
2, can take advantage of more knowledge, with the help of more information, the formation of more feasible solutions.
3、It is beneficial to make full use of the different education, experience and background of its members.
4、Provides the acceptability of decision making and helps the smooth implementation of decision making.
Disadvantages.
1, Speed and efficiency may be low. Group decision-making encourages the active participation of experts and employees in various fields and strives to draw up the most satisfactory course of action in a democratic manner. In this process, if not handled properly, it may fall into the misconception of blind discussion, which wastes time and reduces the speed and efficiency of decision making, thus limiting the ability of managers to make quick responses when necessary.
2. In the collective decision-making process, there is herd pressure on decision makers. The desire of group members to be accepted and valued by the group may lead to the suppression of different opinions and make the group members all pursue the unity of views when making decisions.
3. The phenomenon of minority control can occur. Collective discussions may be controlled by one or two individuals, and if this control is caused by low-level members, the results of collective decision making will receive adverse effects.
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让我们相约明天。
祝您今天过得开心快乐！
That’s it for today’s sharing.
If you have a unique idea about today’s article,
welcome to leave us a message,
let us meet tomorrow.
I wish you a happy day today!
参考资料：DeepL翻译，知乎，百度百科
参考文献：[1]熊强,练帅,李治文,金帅.双边道德风险下软件供应链信息安全责任协调契约设计[J/OL].中国管理科学:1-11[2022-11-05].
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